Having tasted extensively across the contrasting 2022 and forthcoming 2023 vintages of Napa Cabernet – the former early-drinking, riper with softer tannins, and the latter a cellarworthy year marked by vivid, fresh fruit and structured tannins – it made me consider the concept of ‘ripeness’
I asked a handful of Napa’s top winemakers to reflect on their approach and perspectives on ripeness in any growing season.
I wanted to know what it means to achieve ripeness today. How do farming choices shape ripening, whether ripeness is measured beyond numbers, and what does it mean in the context of balance?
What emerged was a familiar wine-world paradox: everyone agrees that achieving ideal ripeness – and ultimately a balanced wine – is paramount. Yet no one agrees on any fixed definition of that ideal.
‘The American palate has evolved towards less sweetness and more appreciation for acidity, bitterness, and a diversity of flavours,’ says Julien Fayard, of Fayard Wines, Covert, and Gemstone.
‘Culturally, as the food in our country changes, so do the wines. Napa is following a slower path, but reinventing and re-adjusting itself to better align its wines with what we’re eating today.’
For Aron Weinkauf of Spottswoode, it’s more personal and subjective. ‘I appreciate more subtlety, beauty, and freshness than I did 25 years ago,’ he says, echoing many others interviewed for this article.
Across conversations, the notion of achieving an ideal ripeness reveals no straight line to a target number. Instead, it follows a curving path, with overlaps between freshness and richness, hedonism and restraint, lab numbers and intuition – shaped by farming decisions, soil, vine material, climate, and stylistic preferences.
Spottswoode’s Aron Weinkauf. Credit: Spottswoode.
{"content":"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"}
