New York wine region

In partnership with the New York Wine & Grape Foundation

New York, the Empire State, is one of the USA’s most important wine-producing states, ranking third in production, right after California and Washington.

The state’s wine heritage is steeped in history, with a fascinating combination of deep-rooted native tradition and pioneering entrepreneurship. Home to the nation’s oldest continuously operating winery, there’s a trademark dynamism and ingenuity in the local winemaking community that have allowed it to adapt and respond to many natural and political challenges.

Located between the 40° to 45° north parallel, New York state shares the same latitude as some of the world’s most renowned wine regions at the limit of viable viticulture. The state has a predominantly continental climate, with bitter winters moderated by different bodies of water in each of the AVAs (American Viticultural Areas): the Atlantic; the Finger Lakes; the Hudson River; and Lake Ontario. While these water bodies moderate temperatures, they also increase disease pressure – a complex combination which, for centuries, prevented Vitis Vinifera to thrive.

Native grape varieties, on the other hand, were well adapted to New York’s challenging conditions and, even if dismissed for their flavour profile, were valued for their hardiness and resistance to phylloxera. Attempts to successfully introduce European varieties were not in vain though: serendipitous crossings of native and Vitis Vinifera, i.e. hybrid varieties, proved to combine the latter’s softer flavour profile with the former’s resilience, and became an important part of the local grape portfolio.

The pivotal point in the region’s modern winemaking history happened in the 1950s with the first successful commercial planting of Vitis Vinifera. Working first with the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, then with Fournier at Gold Seal Vineyards, Ukrainian-born Dr. Konstantin Frank showed the viability for cold-hardy vinifera varieties (namely Riesling and Cabernet Franc) to not only survive, but produce great quality wines. Thus started the ‘vinifera revolution’ that led New York to today’s success.

Since then, and thanks to many other like-minded pioneers, New York has been able to consistently produce award-winning Rieslings, Cabernet Francs, Chardonnays, Lembergers, and Bordeaux blends. Sparkling and sweet styles have also come to the forefront.

Climate change and consumer curiosity have, however, generated renewed interest for native and hybrid varieties and there’s a growing willingness to explore their potential to withstand extreme conditions and produce characterful wines.

New York City’s vibrant hospitality community has played a key role in the development and revival of the state’s winemaking traditions. Sommeliers, chefs, restaurateurs and passionate consumers placed the state’s word-class Rieslings, elegant Cabernet Francs and intriguing native varieties in the spotlight. Many sommeliers became directly involved in wine ventures, championing alternative styles, pét-nats in particular, and forgotten grapes. Cornell University, with its renowned Viticulture and Oenology department, has also been at the epicentre of the region’s winemaking evolution, having long pioneered research, development and the support of local talent. Such potential has also attracted winemakers and viticulturists from across the world, many of which have spearheaded some of the region’s most successful wine ventures.

This diverse and knowledgeable community is fuelling an exciting transformation, placing New York wines on the world stage and revealing the region as one of the best equipped to deal with the future challenges to viticulture.

New York Wine Region – Key figures

– Six wine-growing areas with 11 AVAs (American Viticultural Areas)

– 444 wineries

– 14,164 ha (35,000 acres) under vine

– Approximately 15% of the total area under vine is planted to Vitis vinifera varieties

– The most planted Vitis vinifera variety is Riesling with 405 ha (1,000 acres)

– The second most planted Vitis vinifera grape is Chardonnay (344 ha – 850 acres), followed by Merlot at 324 ha (800 acres) and Cabernet Franc at 202 ha (500 acres)