In search of greater terroir expression, Prosecco’s finest wines are becoming increasingly dry. Richard Baudains explores the reasons why, and picks his top 10 to try...
There’s a buzz in the Prosecco Superiore hills of Valdobbiadene and Conegliano. A new generation of producers is emerging and the established names in the region are releasing premium, limited-selection bottlings. There is greater sensitivity in the vineyard as producers seek to express a sense of place, and increased diversification in winemaking styles. Quality is stepping up – or perhaps it would be more accurate to say it is being forced up by the need to distinguish Prosecco Superiore DOCG from the commercially rampant Prosecco DOC of the plains. In lockstep with these developments, there has been a significant swing towards drier styles in recent years.
Prosecco has three categories, from driest to sweetest: brut (including Extra brut and variously named zero-sugar styles), Extra Dry and Dry. Paolo Bisol of Ruggeri recounts that 40 years ago the most highly prized sparkling wines reserved for special family occasions were sweet. The fruity Extra Dry, on the other hand, was the everyday style that flowed copiously, and still does, in the osterie of the province of Treviso.Until relatively recently, Prosecco brut accounted for only a small part of the total DOCG production, but this is changing in response to evolving tastes and in particular to the demands of international markets. For example, production was once divided 80/20 between Extra Dry and brut at Ruggeri, but the split is now a much drier 50/50; nearly four-fifths of Bisol’s Prosecco Superiore is brut.
But how dry is dry in Prosecco? Sugar levels in a brut range from 0 to 12 grams per litre, although the regulations permit a 2g/l tolerance, so brut may actually reach 14g/l. This gives producers a lot of flexibility and results in styles that range from bone dry and bready to round and fruity. Manuel Codello, a talented young winemaker whose grandfather founded Roccat in 1929, makes an outstanding brut with 6-8g/l, depending on the vintage. ‘A brut with 14 grams of residual sugar doesn’t make much sense,’ he says. ‘but don’t ask me to make a dosage zero; that is too extreme’.
Franco Adami studied the sugar levels for his single-vineyard Col Credas over a long period before launching his 4g/l first cuvée in 2014. The current vintage has 2g/l and that hits the spot. his guiding principle that ‘if a brut doesn’t taste dry, it’s got the right sugar’ underlines the highly relevant point that making a successful brut is not about rules but about the winemaker’s sensitivity. Similarly, Silvano Follador produces a beautifully refined Brut Nature but lets the wine decide: ‘You can’t program the sugar levels, it has to be the wine that tells you “okay, I’m fine like this”.’
Zoning in
There is a wine style in Prosecco that is bone dry by definition: the lightly sparkling, bottle-refermented Frizzante. The DOCG laws allow this style to be labelled in various ways but is commonly referred to as col fondo, meaning with lees. Since the lees are not removed, the wine is slightly cloudy with a tangy biscuit, citrus and saline quality.
The style is back in vogue and many houses create a modern version. One producer, Ca’dei Zago, has made a speciality of col fondo. Brother and sister Cristian and Marika Zago have set aside a lot of their winemaking studies in favour of a return to basics. They sold their press two years ago and now they macerate the grapes, ferment in small cement vats, referment with their own passito and bottle under the spring moon. The result is a refreshing wine, ideal for summer drinking, but even better after a year in bottle. The style has taken on a cult status and other producers specialising in it include Casa Coste Piane and the historic house of Gregoletto.
The emergence of drier wine styles goes hand in hand with an increasing interest in terroir. ‘Brut is the style I love most as it allows the producer to best express the terroir,’ says Adami. This connection with the idea of the site – particularly single crus – makes the emergence of drier Proseccos more intriguing. Some of the best Prosecco is produced in this style.
The identification of individual terroir characters has been a theoretical possibility since the Rive sub-zones were introduced in 2009. Based on administrative boundaries, Rive were initially viewed as an abstract concept rather than a real guide to terroir. This could be changing – the assumption behind Adami’s statement is that Brut wines need to be sourced from specific sites.
Without the residual sugar of the Extra Dry style to flesh out the wine, a good Brut needs structure of its own, which means fully ripe grapes. However, a dry Prosecco also needs freshness, and if a producer seeks grapes with greater maturity, they risk losing the fragile acidity of the native Glera grape.
As a result, the best drier styles originate from top sites, sometimes on more calcareous soils and at higher elevations with greater day-night temperature variations.
Top-level Brut
Among the key Rive, Santo Stefano – home to producers including Bortolotti, Le Colture and Mionetto – and San Pietro di Barbozza – Bortolomiol, Collalto, Roccat – stand out for their refined aromas and firm elegance. In a radical break from tradition, Brut wines are also starting to appear from Cartizze, which was held in such high regard when production norms were first laid down in 1971 that it was granted its own DOC, and has since been elevated to DOCG status.
Sitting in a natural amphitheatre facing southeast, a high proportion of old vines stand in the calcareous clay and sandy soils of Cartizze. Its superior-quality fruit commanded a premium long before Cartizze gained official recognition. The wines have long been Dry in the legal sense, with 17-32g/l residual sugar, but Villa Sandi was perhaps the first to break ranks with its genuinely dry, perfumed and richly textured Vigna La Rivetta Brut. Silvano Follador has followed suit with his Cartizze- sourced Metodo Classico Brut Nature, while Bisol and Garbara make non-dosage Cartizze wines and, in 2018, Ruggeri launched its first edition of a Cartizze Brut.
Essential balance
Is Brut the way forward? The market seems to be saying yes. Drier Superiore styles are changing perceptions, aligning the category with the major sparkling wines of the world and giving it a more sophisticated image and greater appeal. Whether drier styles will become the de facto Prosecco style in volume terms is another issue. There are natural limitations on the size of Brut production, as it demands the best grapes from the best sites, often resulting in the finest wines.
Successful Prosecco Superiore Brut is raising the bar, but it is not always the best expression of its place. Poorly made examples can be, to borrow from Hobbes, ‘nasty, brutish and short’, with an underripe green character. There is also a question of typicity: dry styles imply long lees ageing, and there has to be a query over whether the bready aromas of long lees contact have a place in Prosecco – or whether they depart too far from its classic, delicately aromatic character. Follador’s view is that ‘the grape is more important than the method’ and he has reduced ageing for his Metodo Classico to seven months in order to avoid covering Glera’s distinctive floral aromas with yeast characters derived from autolysis.
Whatever the technical nuances, the fundamental issue is distinguishing between quality and style. It is hard to say that a dry wine is intrinsically superior to a semi-sweet or sweet one. Balance is key: the magic harmony between aroma, sugars, body and perlage of a top-drawer Prosecco Superiore can be found in all three styles.
The increase in the number of Brut styles adds a new dimension to the DOCG, offering diversity and insights into the terroir. It also opens the door to a new category of mature Proseccos that have spent two or three years on lees before release – a direction in which Extra Dry and Dry styles by their nature cannot follow. However, it would be a shame to neglect the time-honoured classics. Perhaps it is just nostalgia, but I would always find a place in my top five Proseccos for non-Brut styles, from Adami’s joyfully succulent Giardino Dry to Ruggeri’s refined Giustino B Extra Dry.
See Richard Baudains’ top 10 dry-style Proseccos
